PIANC Smart Rivers 2022

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Abstract : *(250~1000 words)

To take notably into account the challenges of climate change, the transport ministers of the Member States of the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (Germany, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Switzerland) signed in 2018 a declaration, the so-called Mannheim Declaration to reassert the objective of largely eliminating greenhouse gases and other pollutants by 2050 and to task the CCNR to develop a roadmap to achieve these goals.
These goals for protecting the environment and climate concerns not only inland navigation vessels’ propulsion systems but also the on-board power supply for operating machinery, for example when at berth. 
Last but not least, the conflicts over city center berths on the Rhine demonstrate that joint efforts are required to reduce or largely eliminate both pollutant and noise emissions. Supplying inland navigation vessels with shore power can play an important role in reducing emissions and noise. Supplying inland navigation vessels with green electricity at berths helps achieve the objectives of the Mannheim Declaration, while also securing attractive city center berths for future generations of boatmen.

1.	Electricity for navigation
The roadmap outlines transition pathways for the fleet (existing and newbuilds) , addressing the role which the different technological solutions will play in the energy transition challenge. It is expected that battery electric propulsion will play a significant role for example for ferries, but also for smaller motor cargo and tanker vessels. Providing shore power at berths is thus one element among others in the CCNR roadmap towards eliminating greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants of the inland navigation by 2050. Indeed measures have to be taken on shore to deliver these new fuels, notably electricity!

2.	Electricity for operation of vessels at berth
At more and more locations, energy generation with on-board generators is not welcomed anymore for pollutant and noise emission reasons. Vessels at berth are required to use either emission-free onboard systems such as battery packs or connect to shore power. The requirements on shore power facilities differ depending on which type of ships are connected. Passenger vessels, in particular cabin vessels have the highest energy demand and require therefore other installations than for example dry cargo vessels. The difference in energy demand is high and so are the requirements on the shore power connection infrastructure. International electrical standards provide a first orientation on which connection system to use. However, different standards and systems exist. Among electrical standards, also other issues like payment system and easy accessibility needs to be looked at. It is not only a challenge for users, but also for providers, which need to offer shore power at a for inland navigation attractive rate while on the other side remaining economical to cover the infrastructure expenses.

3.	Common challenges
Although there are relevant differences in usage, the challenges remain quite the same. The CCNR tries to approach the challenges by looking at it from four view angles:
•	Standards for shore power connections for vessel operation
•	The user’s perspective
•	The supplier’s perspective
•	Shore power for propulsion of vessels
The different view angles show, that the common challenges need to be addresses in different time axis.

Based on the outcome of the workshop on shore power at berths, organized on 3 February 2022, the author could present on the different strategies to make available electricity for operation and propulsion of vessels along one of the major rivers in the world.

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