PIANC Smart Rivers 2022

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The Port of Yangon is the largest port in Myanmar and is a river port located about 40 km upstream from the mouth of the Yangon River. There is a limit to the capacity of the existing port to handle the increase in cargo volume, so it was decided to construct a new container terminal in the Thilawa area to serve it as well as the gateway to the new special economic zone. Thilawa Port is located about 16 km downstream from Yangon Port.
The construction area in the Yangon River has a tidal range of about 6 meters, and the associated tidal current is very fast, about 6 knots, and the transparency is less than 1 meter. Under such severe construction conditions, the construction work was required to be completed in a short period of time as requested by the client.
In order to shorten the construction period, a jetty was constructed using the jacket method for the mooring facilities, and for the container yard construction, ground improvement by accelerated consolidation combined with surcharge embankment and PVD method was adopted. Application of these two methods were for the first time in Myanmar.
The jacket method used for the pier has a three-dimensional truss structure, which provides high horizontal rigidity and allows for wider pile spacing. Therefore, a superstructure of 20m in width and 40m in depth can be built on a foundation of only six steel pipe piles. In addition, the precasting of the floor slab simplifies the subsequent construction.
In order to proceed with the jacket installation work without delay under such severe conditions, three considerations were necessary. The first was the need for high accuracy in driving the steel pipe piles, since the huge, rigidly coupled jacket of 245 tons per unit had to be inserted into six piles simultaneously. The second was the selection and procurement of temporary facilities and a large hoist vessel for transporting the jackets from the land-based fabrication yard to the temporary quay, and then transporting them by water from the temporary quay to the pier construction site for installation. The third was to determine the best process for on-land transportation of the jackets and installing them on the steel pipe pile foundations, taking into account the effects of water level differences, and to determine a safe method for transporting the jackets by sea in waters with high flow velocity.
As for the ground improvement method, it was necessary to study how to secure the prescribed consolidation density within a limited period of time in order to minimize the residual settlement after the commencement of operations in the soft clay soil that exists in the planned terminal site with a layer thickness of 20m to 25m.
The necessary resources were gathered from Japan and overseas to conduct pre-construction studies on these items, and a high-quality port structure was completed in a short period of 915 days. This paper describes the contents of these studies.

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