PIANC Smart Rivers 2022

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Abstract : *(250~1000 words)

The IPCC 6th Report (AR6) Working Group 1 (WG1) Report Summary for Policymakers (SPM) has reported that global surface temperatures will continue to rise until at least the middle of this century, and unless deep reductions in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions in the coming decades, global surface temperatures compared to pre-industrial levels will exceed 1.5℃ and 2℃ during the 21st century. There is a concern that the increases in annual mean precipitation, the rate of occurrence of extremely intense tropical cyclones and peak wind speeds due to the rise in global surface temperatures cause enormous erosion damage to riverbanks and lakeshores. In order to preserve the inland waterway and achieve sustainable operations of inland ports, countermeasure works to protect river banks and lakeshores are important.
In Japan, where heavy precipitation occurs every year, especially during the rainy season and typhoon season, various river structures such as revetment works, foot-protection works and riverbed protection works have been actively improved as flood control measures. Under these circumstances, the idea of ecosystem conservation has been incorporated into river management since the 1990s, and technology has been developed to enhance the affinity of the interface between nature and the concrete structures.
The authors have researched and developed Environmentally Active Concrete (EAC). EAC is concrete mixed with Arginine, one of the amino acids, which promotes the growth of microalgae attached to its surface by eluting the amino acid from the concrete surface for a long time. EAC with microalgae attached is expected to be used as a habitat and feeding ground for fish such as sweetfish and other benthic animals, thus creating and improving the habitat of various organisms and ultimately improving biodiversity. In Japan, EAC has been applied for the various structures in coastal areas, harbors, and fishing ports as well as rivers and has been used in more than 100 sites so far (The breakwater project using EAC was certified as Working with Nature by PIANC in 2018). 
In this paper, we will introduce specific application examples of EAC to river structures in Japan and their effects.

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