PIANC Smart Rivers 2022

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Navigation structures of high dams mainly include ship lift and multistage ship lock. In the construction of navigation structures for high dams and ultra-high dams, ship lift has been more and more applied in China because of its characteristics of fast operation speed, low investment and water saving. So far, several different types of vertical ship lifts have been built and operated in Geheyan, Yantan, Shuikou, Silin, Shatuo, Three Gorges, Jinghong, Xiangjiaba and other projects. When the working head of the hydropower station is higher, the multistage ship lift with intermediate channels can be adopted, for instance, the navigation structure of Goupitan Hydropower Station adopted three vertical ship lifts linked by two intermediate channels which has been put into trial operation.

The intermediate channel between ship lifts is an artificial channel that links multistage ship lift and is used for the navigation of upstream and downstream ships. Its two ends are both closed and the channel flow velocity is almost zero. Due to the limitation of engineering terrain conditions, the cross section scale of the intermediate channel is usually smaller than the requirements of restricted channel scale in navigation standard of inland waterway. It is a special restrictive channel. At present, there is no specification or standard for its scale design.

When ship sails in the narrow closed channel in shallow water like the intermediate channel, its stern may sink obviously and even touch the bottom due to the blocking effect of the ship. And meanwhile, it produces a large gushing wave. The gushing wave will be reflected after being transmitted to the closed end, superimposed with the advancing gushing wave, and vibrate back and forth in the intermediate channel and the ship chambers to form a complex long wave motion, which takes a long time to make the water surface stable. This kind of long wave motion of water flow has certain harm to  ships in the intermediate channel, which will cause the ships to sway and shake, and also has an adverse effect on the docking of the ship lift.

Combined with the scheme of the two-stage vertical ship lift with intermediate channel in the navigation structure of Longtan Hydropower Station, based on a physical model with scale of 1:16 which uses the traction system with guide device to tow the ship model to sail in the ship chamber and intermediate channel model，this paper studies the hydraulic characteristics, for instance, the water surface fluctuation in the ship chamber and the intermediate channel, the ship sinkage, and the mooring force of the berthing ship under different navigational conditions. The results indicate that from the perspective of ship lift docking safety and ship sailing and berthing safety, the navigational speed of the ship in the intermediate channel should not exceed 1.5m/s. Under the navigational speed limit, the scales of the intermediate channel such as the normal design water depth of 3.6m is reasonable. The research results can provide scientific basis and technical reference for the design and operation of the navigation structure of Longtan Hydropower Station.

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