PIANC Smart Rivers 2022

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Due to finite availability of fossil fuels and the advancement of technology, electric solutions have begun to spring up around the world. Countries need to encourage electric propulsion in the marine industry while maintaining necessary standards of safety. Direct current (DC) charging stations at mooring locations gives hybrid and electric commercial river tenders, recreational boaters, and transportation vessels the opportunity to charge after each voyage. Growing electricity applications across transportation and power generation industries has spurred an energy revolution backed by versatility and efficiency. However, large scale marine installation of electric or plug-in-hybrid technology remains to be implemented. Such applications are suited for vessels with shorter operating periods, an ideal situation for vessels operating on inland navigable rivers. Several small-scale applications of hybridized technology have resulted in reduced maintenance costs, increased engine capacity with paralleling and load sharing, and reduced consumption of petroleum-based fuel. One example of such benefits can be seen at Derecktor Shipyards of Mamaroneck, NY, who recently started constructing a hybrid vessel. They now boast 55 percent reduction in fuel usage by using two BAE Systems AC traction motors. Traditional internal combustion engines are restricted in fuel source. Whereas electric drive vessels can draw power from a multitude of sources, all converting their mechanical output to the common denominator of electric power. 
In 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) updated the Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships via MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI with regulatory authority dictating the sulfur content of fuel to not exceed 0.5% globally and 0.1% in emission control areas. As a result, vessels have to use more expensive fuel, or install costly exhaust gas scrubber systems. This updated regulation incentivizes companies to look for alternative means of power. Hybrid or fully electric drives are the solution for the marine shipping industry. Although fully electric shipping for large scale containerships and freighters is currently not feasible, electrification solutions for smaller operations are realistic and lucrative. Emerging technologies regarding solid-state electrolyte in ceramic-based batteries give an optimistic view for increased applications of future marine electrification. However, these new technologies need to be regulated to ensure safety compliance for the vessel and the charging system. 
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is addressing this issue by developing new regulations to ensure safety compliance. For example, the Maid of the Mist tour company located at Niagara Falls, NY recently built two fully electric tour vessels utilizing azimuthing thrusters and control systems from ABB. These vessels boast a seven-minute charge time between voyages. The USCG worked with the tour company and design engineer to implement safety checks on system components that are exclusive to new electric drive vessels.
Several small-scale applications of electrified propulsion for short voyage vessels have proved successful and profitable, while also boasting improved maneuverability, Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), and safety, to name a few benefits. Large scale implementation of marine DC charging stations will yield a cleaner, lower maintenance, propulsion solution to steer the industry away from petroleum-based fuels.

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